A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Rathod, Pravin P.
- Brake Energy Regeneration Potential and Proposed Energy Recovery Strategy for School Van Conveyance in Vadodara City
Authors
1 Mechanical Engineering Department, Gujarat Technological University, IN
2 Gujarat Technological University, IN
Source
Indian Science Cruiser, Vol 33, No 1 (2019), Pagination: 30-44Abstract
Conveyance through an automobile has become necessity in today’s life. With millions of automobiles on road with its number ever -increasing, it not only serves purpose of transporting passengers and goods, but it has added the problems of noise and environment pollution. Owing to alarming air quality in the big cities, the authority enforces stringent emission norms. In addition, higher fuel economy standards compel automobile manufacturers to introduce costly engine technology. Energy loss during braking is considered as a major cause of the reduced fuel economy. Automobiles driven under conditions like frequent stops, long idling time, low average speed and high part load operation are experiencing low fuel economy. City bus, school bus, garbage truck, school van, shuttle rickshaw etc. are major players of similar operating conditions. Hence, it is important to estimate kinetic energy loss during braking and develop systems to harness the energy loss. The research work is oriented to estimate brake energy regeneration potential for school vans running in Vadodara city. Results show that brake energy regeneration potential of the school van is 2015 kJ during trip of approximate 10.15 km.References
- Y. HU Amy, T. LIN William, P. CHEN Grace, Chiung-Wen CHANG and Cheng-Wei SU, “Characteristics of Emissions and Vehicular Operations of Buses in Taipei’s Exclusive Bus Lanes”, Proceedings of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, Volume 9, 2013
- I. Andrej, J. Rajit and F. Zoran, “Assessing the regeneration potential for a refuse truck over a real-world duty cycle”, SAE Technical Papers, 2012-01-1030, 2012
- L. Craig and S. Pascal, “Simulation based concept analysis for a micro hybrid delivery van,” SAE Technical Papers, 2005-01-1161, 2005
- M Fabio, J. Johny, D. Eduardo, j. Heron and G. Franco, “Evaluation of available energy for regenerative breaking at the brazilian driving cycle,” 22nd SAE BRASIL International congress, October 2013.
- C. Funk, T. Howery, J. Jager and D. Lee, “Acceleration and braking performance of school buses” SAE Technical Papers, 2012-01-0593, 2012
- Gino Sovran and Dwight Blaser, “Quantifying the potential impacts of regenerative braking on a vehicle’s tractive-fuel consumption for the u.s., european, and japanese driving schedules,” SAE Technical Papers, 2006-01-0664, 2006
- http://docs.trb.org/prp/13-4606.pdf (revised date of browsing:05/02/2019)
- http://racing.qstarz.com/Products/BT-Q1000eX.html (revised date of browsing: 05/02/2019)
- http://www.hydac-na.com/sites/hydacna/SiteCollectionDocuments/AOSS-%20accumulators.pdf (revised date of browsing:05/02/2019)
- https://www.marutisuzuki.com/channels/arena/omni (revised date of browsing:05/02/2019)
- P. Michal, B. Jonathan, S. Petr, and D. Adam, “Hydraulic hybrid and conventional parcel delivery vehicles’ measured laboratory fuel economy on targeted drive cycles,” SAE International Journal of Alternative power, volume 4, issue 1, pp 11-19, May 2015.
- P. Satyam, D. Ibrahim and A. Martin, “Thermodynamic analysis of hydraulic braking energy recovery systems for a vehicle,” Jouranl of Energy Resoureces Technology, volume 138, January 2016.
- Experimental Study of Banana Fiber Reinforced Green Composite
Authors
1 Mechanical Engineering Department, Shantilal Shah Engineering College, Bhavnagar, IN
2 Mechanical Engineering Department, Government Engineering College, Bhuj, Gujarat, IN
Source
Indian Science Cruiser, Vol 33, No 2 (2019), Pagination: 13-19Abstract
In today’s developing era the concern for the prevention of non-biodegradable resources has attracted researchers to develop biodegradable materials based on green principles. The fibers from agriculture waste give good advantages over conventional synthetic fibers such as low cost and density, non-toxicity and waste disposal problems. In this work banana fibers have been used as the reinforcing agent with corn starch and glycerol as the matrix to increase the effectiveness of banana fibers. The composites have been fabricated by injection moulding method followed by high speed mixing and twin screw extrusion. In this experiment mechanical and physical properties have been evaluated by changing the proportion of banana fiber and matrix material. The tensile, flexural, impact and hardness tests have been performed on newly fabricated green composites. From the results, it has been observed that the composites having greater fiber content show evidence of superior properties.
Keywords
Biodegradable, Banana Fibers, Corn Starch, Glycerol, Injection Moulding, Twin Screw Extrusion.References
- R Badrinath, T. Senthilvelan Comparative Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Banana and Sisal Reinforced Polymer based Composites. Procedia Mater Sci [Internet]. 2014;5:2263–72.
- R Ghosh, A Ramakrishna, G Reena, A Ravindra, A Verma Water Absorption Kinetics and Mechanical Properties of Ultrasonic Treated Banana Fiber Reinforced-vinyl Ester Composites. Procedia Mater Sci. 2014;5:311–5.
- BC. Mitra environment Friendly composite materials: Biocomposites and Green composites. Def Sci J. 2014;64(3):244–61.
- C Merlini, V Soldi, GMO. Barra Influence of fiber surface treatment and length on physico-chemical properties of short random banana fiber-reinforced castor oil polyurethane composites. Polym Test. Elsevier; 2011;30(8):833–40.
- Y-F Shih, C-C. Huang Polylactic acid (PLA)/ banana fiber (BF) biodegradable green composites. J Polym Res. Springer; 2011;18(6):2335–40.
- M. Ramesh STUDIES ON MECHANICAL AND MACHINING CHARACTERISTICS OF HYBRID NATURAL FIBER COMPOSITES A Thesis submitted to the Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Anantapur DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY MECHANICAL ENGINEERING by Under the Guidance of. 2014;(900).
- M Ramesh, TSA Atreya, US Aswin, H Eashwar, C. Deepa Processing and mechanical property evaluation of banana fiber reinforced polymer composites. Procedia Eng. Elsevier; 2014;97:563– 72.
- K Sathasivam, MRHM. Haris Thermal properties of modified banana trunk fibers. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2012;108(1):9–17.
- R Bhoopathi, M Ramesh, C. Deepa Fabrication and property evaluation of banana-hemp-glass fiber reinforced composites. Procedia Eng. Elsevier; 2014;97:2032–41.
- M Idicula, NR Neelakantan, Z Oommen, K Joseph, Thomas S. A study of the mechanical properties of randomly oriented short banana and sisal hybrid fiber reinforced polyester composites. J Appl Polym Sci. 2005;96(5):1699–709.
- LA Pothan, S Thomas, NR. Neelakantan Short banana fiber reinforced polyester composites: mechanical, failure and aging characteristics. J Reinf Plast Compos. SAGE Publications; 1997;16(8):744–65.
- LA Pothan, J George, S. Thomas Effect of ber surface treatments on the ber – matrix interaction in banana ber reinforced polyester composites. Compos Interfaces. 2002;9(4):335–53.
- R Badrinath, T. Senthilvelan Comparative investigation on mechanical properties of banana and sisal reinforced polymer based composites. Procedia Mater Sci. Elsevier; 2014;5:2263–72.
- VK Singh, PC Gope, S Chauhan, DS Bisht. Mechanical behavior of banana fiber based hybrid bio composites. J Mater Env Sci. 2012;3(1):185–94.
- HU Zaman, MDH. Beg Banana fiber strands– reinforced polymer matrix composites. Compos Interfaces [Internet]. 2016;23(4):281–95.
- R Kumar, V Choudhary, S Mishra, I. Varma Banana fiber-reinforced biodegradable soy protein composites. Front Chem China. 2008;3(3):243–50.
- A Kaushik, M Singh, G. Verma Green nanocomposites based on thermoplastic starch and steam exploded cellulose nanofibrils from wheat straw. Carbohydr Polym. 2010;82(2):337–45.
- J Liu, C Jia, He C. Rice Straw and Cornstarch Biodegradable Composites. AASRI Procedia [Internet]. Elsevier B.V.; 2012;3(1):83–8.
- AJF Carvalho, AAS Curvelo, JAM. Agnelli Wood Pulp Reinforced Thermoplastic Starch Composites. Int J Polym Mater. 2000;0:1–16.
- LR Darwish, M Farag, MT El-Wakad, M. Emara The use of starch matrix-banana fiber composites for biodegradable maxillofacial bone plates. Int Conf Biol Med Physics, Med Chem Biochem Biomed Eng. 2013;70–6.
- LR Darwish, M Farag, MT El-wakad, M Emara, B Engineering, M Engineering et al. Improving the Properties of Cornstarch Based Green Composites Reinforced With Banana Fibers by Incorporating Polycaprolactone for Maxillofacial Bone Plates Fabrication the American University in. :193–201.
- Á Kmetty, J Karger-Kocsis, T. Czigány Production and properties of micro-cellulose reinforced thermoplastic starch. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng [Internet]. 2015;74(February):12008.
- J Gironès, JP López, P Mutjé, AJF Carvalho, AAS Curvelo, F. Vilaseca Natural fiber-reinforced thermoplastic starch composites obtained by melt processing. Compos Sci Technol. 2012;72(7):858– 63.
- Da Róz AL, AJF Carvalho, A Gandini, AAS Curvelo. The effect of plasticizers on thermoplastic starch compositions obtained by melt processing. Carbohydr Polym. 2006;63(3):417–24.
- E de M Teixeira, D Pasquini, AAS Curvelo, E Corradini, MN Belgacem, A. Dufresne Cassava bagasse cellulose nanofibrils reinforced thermoplastic cassava starch. Carbohydr Polym. Elsevier; 2009;78(3):422–31.
- JL Guimarães, F Wypych, CK Saul, LP Ramos, KG. Satyanarayana Studies of the processing and characterization of corn starch and its composites with banana and sugarcane fibers from Brazil. Carbohydr Polym. Elsevier; 2010;80(1):130–8.
- Experimental Investigation of Performance of 4S 100 cc Gasoline DTSi bike on Road with Hydroxygen as an Additive
Authors
1 Gujarat Technological University , Ahmedabad and, Mechanical Engineering Department, L.D.College of Engineering , Ahmedabad-380015,Gujarat, IN
2 Government Engineering College, Bhuj-370001, Gujarat, IN
Source
Indian Science Cruiser, Vol 33, No 5 (2019), Pagination: 20-30Abstract
Looking at the quick depleting conventional fuel like gasoline, it becomes prime importance to conserve the same by reducing its consumption against day by day increase in number of two wheeler on road and hence emission and green house effect to be reduced.In present experimental work the electrolytic cell was developed to produce the 600 ml/hr hydroxygen flow rate and tested successfully for improved performance and emission in laboratory by utilizing the power available from alternator through the battery for electrolysis purpose. Same electrolytic cell was fitted to 100 cc 4S Bajaj bike and electric supply was arranged from inbuilt battery without any modification of existing engine. The produced hydroxygen gas was introduced in intake manifold after the carburetor.The performance was measured on road with 400 ml of gasoline on same route and same persons on bike and driver to maintain the driving style on road with and without hydroxygen as an additive. There were two persons on bike having total weight of 146.8 kg.The mileage went up to 29.54% on relative basis with hydroxygen addition from the electrolytic cell.Before and after test the battery condition was checked and found alright in case of hydroxygen as an additive mode.Keywords
Hydroxygen, SI engine, Performance, Electrolytic Cell.References
- M. a. R. Sadiq Al-Baghdadi, “Effect of compression ratio, equivalence ratio and engine speed on the performance and emission characteristics of a spark ignition engine using hydrogen as a fuel,” Renew. Energy, vol. 29, pp. 2245–2260, 2004.
- I. Dincer, “Environmental and sustainability aspects of hydrogen and fuel cell systems,” Int. J. energy Res., vol. 31, no. August 2007, pp. 29–55, 2007.
- N. Gas, N. Gas, I. Cooperation, E. Abroad, N. Technologies, and S. Tribes, “Annual Report of Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas.”
- European Environment Agency. Climate for a transport change. TERM 2007: indicators tracking transport and environment in the European Union. Report No 1/2008. Copenhagen: EEA; 2008.
- S. Tagliapietra and G. Zachmann, “Addressing Europe’s failure to clean up the transport sector,” no. 2, p. 8, 2018.
- P. J. J, “Performance and Emission of Turbo Charged 4-Stroke Four Cylinder Diesel Engine using Blends of Diesel and Biodiesel which Produced from a Neem *1, 2,” Int. J. Eng. Sci. Res. Technol. 2277-9655, vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 2–7, 2013.
- D. P. Parikh and R. J. Jani, “Investigation on Performance and Emission Parameters of Disc Type Fuel Injector Nozzle in 4-Stroke Single Cylinder Diesel Engine,” Int. J. Adv. Eng. Res. Dev., vol. 5, no. 04, pp. 1481–1487, 2018.
- K. D. Nileshkumar, T. M. Patel, and G. P. Rathod, “Effect of Blend Ratio of Plastic Pyrolysis Oil and Diesel Fuel on the Performance of Single Cylinder CI Engine,” Int. J. Sci. Technol. Eng., vol. 1, no. 11, pp. 195–203, 2015.
- Suresh M Tank, Prof. V R Bhatt, Prof. R J Jani, Mechanical Dept. LD collage of Engineering, “Effect of Ignition energy on performance and emission of CNG fuelled Bi-fuel Engine: Experimental Investigation,” Int. J. Adv. Eng. Res. Dev., vol. 1, no. 05, pp. 526–531, 2018.
- H.Bambhania, V. Pithiya, R. Jani , “Comparative performance and emissions study of a lean mixed DTS-i spark ignition engine operated on single spark and dual spark,” Int. J. Eng. Dev. Res., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 2321–9939, 2016.
- HardikBambhania, Vijay Pithiya, RajendrakumarJani “Effect of hydrogen and oxygen addition as a lean mixture on emissions and performance characteristics of a two wheeler gasoline engine,” Int. J. Eng. Dev. Res. 2321-9939 , vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 1027–1031, May 2016.
- R. Choube and R. J. Jani, “Experimental investigation of various Spark Plug gap on Four Stroke Single Cylinder S.I. Engine,” Int. J. Tech. Innov. Mod. Eng. Sci. Impact, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 347–351, 2018.
- [13] S. B. Patel, S. J. Babariya, R. J. Jani, “Effect of Hydroxy (H2 & O2) Gas Addition on Gasoline Engine Performance and Emission with variable Compression Ratio,” IJSRD-International J. Sci. Res. Dev., vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 2321–0613, 2017.
- R. Choube, P. R. J. Jani, P. Gaurav, and N. Sutaria, “Hydrogen as an additive in Internal Combustion Engines a Review,” Int. J. Res. Eng. Appl. Manag., vol. 04, no. 02, pp. 2454–9150, 2018.
- TD Andrea, PF Henshaw, Ting DSK. The addition of hydrogen to a gasoline-fueled SI engine. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2004;29(14):1541–52.
- LM Das. Hydrogen–oxygen reaction mechanism and its implication to hydrogen engine combustion. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 1996;21(8):703–15.
- JB Heywood. Internal combustion engine fundamentals. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1988.
- E Kahraman, SC Ozcanl, Ozerdem B. An experimental study on performance and emission characteristics of a hydrogen fueled spark ignition engine. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2007;32(12):2066–72.
- S. Padiyar Properties of hydrogen. In: Proceedings of summer school of hydrogen energy. Chennai, India: IIT Madras; 1985.
- LM. Das Hydrogen engine-research and development in IIT Delhi. International Journal of HydrogenEnergy2002;27:953–65
- L. M. Das, R. Gulati, and P. K. Gupta, “Performance evaluation of a hydrogen-fuelled spark ignition engine using electronically controlled solenoidactuated injection system,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 569–579, 2000.
- Ma FH, Wang Y, Liu HQ, Li Y, Wang JJ, Ding SF. Effects of hydrogen addition on cycle-by-cycle variation in a lean burn natural gas spark-ignition engine. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2008;33(2):823–31.
- Y. Karagöz, N. Yuca, T. Sandalcı, and A. S. Dalkılıç, “Effect of hydrogen and oxygen addition as a mixture on emissions and performance characteristics of a gasoline engine,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 40, no. 28, pp. 8750–8760, 2015.
- Conte E, Boulouchos K. Influence of hydrogen-richgas addition on combustion, pollutant formation and efficiency of an IC-SI engine. SAE paper No. 2004-01-0972; 2004
- C. Ji and S. Wang, “Effect of hydrogen addition on combustion and emissions performance of a spark ignition gasoline engine at lean conditions,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 34, no. 18, pp. 7823–7834, 2009.
- L. I. Jingding, G. U. O. Linsongt, and D. U. Tianshen, “FORMATION AND RESTRAINT OF TOXIC EMISSIONS IN HYDROGEN-GASOLINE MIXTURE FUELED ENGINES,” hr. J. Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 23, No. 10, pp. 971-975, 1998 .
- Ozdor N, Dulger M, Sher E. Cyclic variability in spark ignition engines a literature survey. SAE Paper 1994; 940987.
- Bari S, Esmail MM. Effect of H2/O2 addition in increasing the thermal efficiency of a diesel engine. Fuel 2010;89:378-83.
- Ferguson CR, Kirkpatrick AT. Internal combustion engines. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 2001.
- [30] Veziroglu TN, Barbir FH. Hydrogen, the wonder fuel. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 1992;17(6):391–404
- M. AkifCeviz, A. K. Sen, A. K. Küleri, and I. VolkanÖner, “Engine performance, exhaust emissions, and cyclic variations in a lean-burn SI engine fueled by gasoline-hydrogen blends,” Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 314–324, 2012.
- HC Frey, Rouphail NM, Unal A, Colyar JD. Emission reduction through better traffic management: an empirical evaluation based upon on-road measurements. North Carolina Department of Transportation; 2001. Technical report FHWY/NC/2002-001.
- HY Tong, WT Hung, CS Cheung. Development of a driving cycle for Hong Kong. Atmospheric Environment 1999;33(15): 2323–35.
- J Hoard, L. Rehagen Relating subjective idle quality to engine combustion. SAE paper, no. 970035.
- D. Lyon Knock and cyclic dispersion in a spark ignition engine, petroleum based fuels and automotive applications. In: I. Mech. E. Conf. Proc. London: MEP; 1986.
- Z Huang, Y Zhang, K Zeng, B Liu, Q Wang, D. Jiang Measurements of laminar burning velocities for natural gas-hydrogen–air mixtures. Combustion and Flame 2006; 146(1–2):302–11.
- J Wang, H Chen, B Liu, Z. Huang Study of cycle-by-cycle variations of a spark ignition engine fueled with natural gas– hydrogen blends. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2008;33:4876–83.
- Liu B, Huang Z, Zeng K, Chen H, Wang X, Miao H, et al. Experimental study on emissions of a sparkignition engine fueled with natural gas-hydrogen blends. Energy & Fuels 2008;22(1):273–7.
- E. Zervas, Correlations between cycle-to-cycle variations and combustion parameters of a spark ignition engine, Appl. Therm. Eng. 24 (2004) 2075-2081.
- A Fontana, E Galloni, E Jannelli, M. Minutillo Performance and fuel consumption estimation of a hydrogen enricher gasoline engine at part-load operation. SocAutomotEng SAE, Pap no.2002-01-2196 2002.
- CM Whiete, RR Streeper, AE. Lutz The hydrogenfueled internal combustion engine: a technical review,.Int J Hydrogen Energy 2006;31:1292-305.
- R. J. Moffat, “Contributions to the Theroy of SingleSample Uncertainity Analysis,” J. Fluids Eng., vol. 104, no. June, pp. 250–258, 1982.